Glossary | D to J

Design strength The minimum acceptable 0.01-in crack D-load.

Designated size The dimensional name for a particular size that may or may not be equal to or related to the dimensions used for design purposes or of the manufactured product.

Distribution Reinforcement, typically running 90deg to the main or reinforcement circumferential reinforcement, intended to disperse concentrated loads to larger areas of a structural member.

D-load The supporting strength of a pipe loaded under three-edge-bearing test conditions expressed in pounds per linear foot per foot of inside diameter or horizontal span.

D-load The maximum three-edge-bearing test load supported by a concrete pipe before a crack having a width of 0.01in. Occurs, measured at close intervals, throughout a continuous length of 1ft of more measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of pipe barrel expressed as D-Load. (0.01-in. crack)

D-load ultimate The maximum three-edge-bearing test load supported by a pipe, expressed as D-load.

Drain tile Pipe for collecting and conveying surface and subsurface water from an area.

Dry cast Method of producing concrete products with zero slump concrete either mechanically or poured.

Elliptical reinforcement A line of reinforcement in the approximate shape of an ellipse.

Exfiltration The volume of pipeline flow leaving a sewer and its connections into the soil from pipe, joints, connections, and appurtenances.

External load test A test of the pipe in which external crushing forces are exerted in specified directions and locations on a specified length of pipe.

Female end of pipe That portion of the end of the pipe, regardless of its shape or dimensions, which overlaps a portion of the end of the adjoining pipe.

Flow line A line formed by the inverts of pipe.

Gradation The distribution of particles of granular material among standard sizes usually expressed in terms of cumulative percentages larger or smaller than each of a series of sieve openings.

Grade rings Precast concrete rings used for vertical adjustment at the top of a manhole to set manhole casting to proper grade.

Grout A high strength mixture of portland cement, aggregates, and water with a high slump.

Handling reinforcement Reinforcement intended to reduce the risk of collapse of the pipe or section during handling or storage prior to and during final placement.

Hydrostatic pressure The pressure exerted by water at rest

Hydrostatic test A test of the ability of a pipe or its joints to withstand internal hydrostatic pressure.

Infiltration The volume of groundwater entering a sewer and its connections from the soil through pipe, joints, connections, or appurtenances.

Inflow The volume of any kind of water entering a sewer and its connections from outside sources not including those sources described under "infiltration".

Invert The bottom or lowest point of the internal surface of the transverse cross section of a pipe.

Irrigation pipe Pipe intended for the distribution of irrigation water by pumping or gravity.

Jacking Pipe Special designed reinforced concrete pipe which possesses thrust load capabilities for a specified project.

Joint A connection of two pipe, manhole, or box section ends, made either with or without the use of additional parts and/or materials.

Joint acceptance test Test procedure, utilizing compressed air or pressurized water intended to determine the acceptability of an individual installed pipeline joint.

Jointreinforcement Reinforcement, in or near the joint, intended to enhance the structural characteristics of the joint area of a concrete pipe or box section.

Joint test apparatus Sealing device used on the inside of the pipe to isolate a single pipe joint so that it can be tested for leakage without filling the entire pipe with compressed air or water.

Joint sealer Caulking compound.




History Projects Glossary A to C D to J K to R S to Z Glossary \| D to J Design strength The minimum acceptable 0.01-in crack D-load. Designated size The dimensional name for a particular size that may or may not be equal to or related to the dimensions used for design purposes or of the manufactured product. Distribution Reinforcement, typically running 90deg to the main or reinforcement circumferential reinforcement, intended to disperse concentrated loads to larger areas of a structural member. D-load The supporting strength of a pipe loaded under three-edge-bearing test conditions expressed in pounds per linear foot per foot of inside diameter or horizontal span. D-load The maximum three-edge-bearing test load supported by a concrete pipe before a crack having a width of 0.01in. Occurs, measured at close intervals, throughout a continuous length of 1ft of more measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of pipe barrel expressed as D-Load. (0.01-in. crack) D-load ultimate The maximum three-edge-bearing test load supported by a pipe, expressed as D-load. Drain tile Pipe for collecting and conveying surface and subsurface water from an area. Dry cast Method of producing concrete products with zero slump concrete either mechanically or poured. Elliptical reinforcement A line of reinforcement in the approximate shape of an ellipse. Exfiltration The volume of pipeline flow leaving a sewer and its connections into the soil from pipe, joints, connections, and appurtenances. External load test A test of the pipe in which external crushing forces are exerted in specified directions and locations on a specified length of pipe. Female end of pipe That portion of the end of the pipe, regardless of its shape or dimensions, which overlaps a portion of the end of the adjoining pipe. Flow line A line formed by the inverts of pipe. Gradation The distribution of particles of granular material among standard sizes usually expressed in terms of cumulative percentages larger or smaller than each of a series of sieve openings. Grade rings Precast concrete rings used for vertical adjustment at the top of a manhole to set manhole casting to proper grade. Grout A high strength mixture of portland cement, aggregates, and water with a high slump. Handling reinforcement Reinforcement intended to reduce the risk of collapse of the pipe or section during handling or storage prior to and during final placement. Hydrostatic pressure The pressure exerted by water at rest Hydrostatic test A test of the ability of a pipe or its joints to withstand internal hydrostatic pressure. Infiltration The volume of groundwater entering a sewer and its connections from the soil through pipe, joints, connections, or appurtenances. Inflow The volume of any kind of water entering a sewer and its connections from outside sources not including those sources described under "infiltration". Invert The bottom or lowest point of the internal surface of the transverse cross section of a pipe. Irrigation pipe Pipe intended for the distribution of irrigation water by pumping or gravity. Jacking Pipe Special designed reinforced concrete pipe which possesses thrust load capabilities for a specified project. Joint A connection of two pipe, manhole, or box section ends, made either with or without the use of additional parts and/or materials. Joint acceptance test Test procedure, utilizing compressed air or pressurized water intended to determine the acceptability of an individual installed pipeline joint. Jointreinforcement Reinforcement, in or near the joint, intended to enhance the structural characteristics of the joint area of a concrete pipe or box section. Joint test apparatus Sealing device used on the inside of the pipe to isolate a single pipe joint so that it can be tested for leakage without filling the entire pipe with compressed air or water. Joint sealer Caulking compound.